The ancient city of Babylon in Iraq

 Babylon is one of the cities of the ancient world, the

largest capital of the Mesopotamian civilization, the capital of the Babylonian Empire, and the first city with a population of 200,000 people. The rise of Babylon as a regional power in the Near East coincided with the rise to power of King Hammurabi, the sixth king of the First Babylonian Dynasty.

 The rise of Babylon as a regional power in the Near East coincided with the rise to power of King Hammurabi, the sixth king of the First Babylonian Dynasty. In the eighth century BC, after years of conflict, the Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III was able to conquer Babylon. Thereafter, Babylon became the political capital of an entity ruling the lands of the Euphrates Valley between the two rivers, which was known as the Babylonian Empire.

 Years of conflict enabled the Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III to invade Babylon, and the city remained under the shadow of the Assyrian Empire for a century until the revolution of the Babylonian king Nabopolassar, who ruled the Assyrians in Mesopotamia after his victory in the Battle of Nineveh. In the seventh century BC, the city reached its peak during the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar II, the most powerful king of the Chaldeans, who spent his time ruling an empire that powerfully extended throughout most of the Middle East, extending from the Mediterranean Sea to the Arabian Gulf. In the first half of the sixth century BC, Babylon fell at the hands of the hordes of the Persian Shah Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Achaemenid Empire and its first emperor, when he destroyed the battalions of the Babylonian armies in the Battle of Opis, and made it one of the capitals of his young empire. In the second half of the fourth century BC, Alexander became the greatest victor after he scattered the Persians in the Battle of Cocamella. The young leader wanted to make it the eastern capital of his empire before he died on its land, and after that it would become a city consisting of the empire of one of his army leaders known as “Selocus Al-Mansur.” ". In the middle of the second century BC, it fell into the hands of the Persians again, this time representing the Parthian Empire led by Shah Mehrdad the Great.